55 research outputs found
Cooperative Medium Access Mechanisms and Service-oriented Routing in Multi-hop Wireless Networks
Doktorgradsavhandling i informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi, Universitetet i Agder, Grimstad, 2011Multi-hop wireless networks have been regarded as a promising path towards future
wireless communication landscape. In the past decade, most related work has been
performed in the context of mobile ad hoc networks. In very recent years, however,
much effort has been shifted to more static networks such as wireless mesh networks
and wireless sensor networks. While significant progress has been achieved through
these years, both theoretically and experimentally, challenges still exist in various
aspects of these networks. For instance, how to use multi-hop networks as a means
for providing broadband Internet services with reliability and balanced load remains
as a challenging task. As the number of end-users is increasing rapidly and more
and more users are enjoying multimedia services, how to provide Quality of Service
(QoS) with user satisfaction in such networks remains also as a hot topic.
Meanwhile, another direction which has recently attracted lots of efforts in the
international research community is the introduction of cooperative communications.
Cooperative communications based on relaying nodes are capable of improving
network performance in terms of increased spectral and power efficiency, extended
network coverage, balanced QoS, infrastructure-less deployment, etc. Cooperation
may happen at different communication layers, at the physical layer where
the received signal is retransmitted and at the MAC and routing layers where a
packet is forwarded to the next hop in a coordinated manner towards the destination,
respectively. However, without joint consideration and design of physical
layer, MAC layer and network layer, the benefit of cooperative communication cannot
be exploited to the maximum extent. In addition, how to extend one-hop cooperative
communication into multi-hop wireless network scenarios remains as an
almost un-chartered research frontier.
In this dissertation, we enhance the state of the art technologies in the field of
multi-hop wireless networks from a layered perspective. While efficient scheduling
mechanisms are proposed at the MAC layer, elaborate routing protocols are devised
at the network layer. More specifically, by taking into account of cross layer design
we cope with network congestion problems in wireless mesh networks mainly at the
network layer. In order to further improve the performance of cooperative wireless
networks, we propose a contention-based cooperative MAC protocol in the presence
of multiple relay nodes. Since a large majority of existing cooperative MAC
protocols are designed based on widely-used IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol which
exhibits inherent design constraint when applied in multi-hop wireless networks, it
is imperative to develop a novel cooperative MAC protocol which is appropriate
for multi-hop network scenarios. Next, we propose a TDMA-based MAC protocol supporting cooperative communications in static multi-hop wireless networks. Furthermore,
a cooperative lifetime maximization MAC protocol is proposed to cope
with the energy hole problem in wireless sensor networks
An adaptive cooperative MAC mechanism in multi-hop wireless networks
Paper presented at the 2010 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, Riccione, Italy . (c) 2010 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works. Paper also available from the publisher: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISCC.2010.5546573In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive cooperative MAC mechanism that is specifically designed for two-hop cooperative communications where source and destination cannot hear each other directly. The proposed scheme employs an efficient adaptive relay selection algorithm such that the number of relay nodes is optimized for each cooperative transmission to maximize cooperation benefits and effectively avoid potential collisions with other transmissions. In order to determine the optimal number of relays we apply a training sequence in Hello message exchange, which provides us with a channel status indicator combining both bit-level and flow-level information. Numerical results show that compared with the original 802.11-based scheme and the static cooperative scheme, reliable transmission, reduced power consumption and significant throughput improvement have been achieved by using our two-hop adaptive cooperative MAC mechanism
Neural Pairwise Ranking Factorization Machine for Item Recommendation
The factorization machine models attract significant attention from academia and industry because they can model the context information and improve the performance of recommendation. However, traditional factorization machine models generally adopt the point-wise learning method to learn the model parameters as well as only model the linear interactions between features. They fail to capture the complex interactions among features, which degrades the performance of factorization machine models. In this paper, we propose a neural pairwise ranking factorization machine for item recommendation, which integrates the multi-layer perceptual neural networks into the pairwise ranking factorization machine model. Specifically, to capture the high-order and nonlinear interactions among features, we stack a multi-layer perceptual neural network over the bi-interaction layer, which encodes the second-order interactions between features. Moreover, the pair-wise ranking model is adopted to learn the relative preferences of users rather than predict the absolute scores. Experimental results on real world datasets show that our proposed neural pairwise ranking factorization machine outperforms the traditional factorization machine models
Enhanced factorization machine via neural pairwise ranking and attention networks
The factorization machine models attract significant attention nowadays since they improve recommendation performance by incorporating context information into recommendation modeling. However, traditional factorization machine models often adopt the point-wise learning method for model parameter learning, as well as only model the linear interactions between features. They substantially fail to capture the complex interactions among features, which degrades the performance of factorization machine models. In this research, we propose a neural pairwise ranking factorization machine for item recommendation, namely NPRFM, which integrates the multi-layer perceptual neural networks into the pairwise ranking factorization machine model. Specifically, to capture the high-order and nonlinear interactions among features, we stack a multi-layer perceptual neural network over the bi-interaction layer, which encodes the second-order interactions between features. Moreover, instead of the prediction of the absolute scores, the pair-wise ranking model is adopted to learn the relative preferences of users. Since NPRFM does not take into account the importance of feature interactions, we propose a new variant of NPRFM, which learns the importance of feature interactions by introducing the attention mechanism. The empirical results on real-world datasets indicate that the proposed neural pairwise ranking factorization machine outperforms the traditional factorization machine models
Effects of Electroacupuncture on Facial Nerve Function and HSV-1 DNA Quantity in HSV-1 Induced Facial Nerve Palsy Mice
Acupuncture is a common and effective therapeutic method to treat facial nerve palsy (FNP). However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on symptoms and content of HSV-1 DNA in FNP mice. Mice were randomized into four groups, an electroacupuncture treatment group, saline group, model animal group, and blank control group. Electroacupuncture was applied at Jiache (ST6) and Hegu (LI4) in electroacupuncture group once daily for 14 days, while electroacupuncture was not applied in model animal group. In electroacupuncture group, mice recovered more rapidly and HSV-1 DNA content also decreased more rapidly, compared with model animal group. We conclude that electroacupuncture is effective to alleviate symptoms and promote the reduction of HSV-1 in FNP
Acupuncture for Lateral Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review
Objective. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for lateral epicondylitis (LE). Methods. Seven databases and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal were searched to identify relevant studies. The data were extracted and assessed by two independent authors, and Review Manager Software (V.5.3) was used for data synthesis with effect estimate presented as standard mean difference (SMD) and mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the level of evidence. Results. Four RCTs with 309 participants were included with poor methodological quality. Participants who received acupuncture and acupuncture plus moxibustion with material insulation were likely to have an improvement in elbow functional status and/or myodynamia. The overall quality rated by GRADE was from very low to low. Two studies reported that the needle pain would be the main reason for the dropout. Conclusion. For the small number of included studies with poor methodological quality, no firm conclusion can be drawn regarding the effect of acupuncture of elbow functional status and myodynamia for LE. This trial is registered with CRD42015016199
Effectiveness Study of Moxibustion on Pain Relief in Primary Dysmenorrhea: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Dysmenorrhea is a prevalent problem in menstruating women. As a nonpharmacologic and free of relevant side effects intervention, moxibustion is considered as a safe treatment and has long been recommended for dysmenorrhea in China. However, the exact effects of moxibustion in PD have not been fully understood. Therefore we designed this random clinical trial aiming to (1) investigate whether moxibustion is safe and effective for pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea when compared to conventional pain-killers and (2) assess the acceptability and side effects associated with moxibustion. The results of this trial will contribute to a better understanding of the different effects of moxibustion in pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea when compared to conventional pharmacologic pain treatment
The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants
Water lilies belong to the angiosperm order Nymphaeales. Amborellales,
Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales together form the so-called ANA-grade of
angiosperms, which are extant representatives of lineages that diverged the earliest
from the lineage leading to the extant mesangiosperms1–3. Here we report the
409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata).
Our phylogenomic analyses support Amborellales and Nymphaeales as successive
sister lineages to all other extant angiosperms. The N. colorata genome and 19 other
water lily transcriptomes reveal a Nymphaealean whole-genome duplication event,
which is shared by Nymphaeaceae and possibly Cabombaceae. Among the genes
retained from this whole-genome duplication are homologues of genes that regulate
flowering transition and flower development. The broad expression of homologues of
floral ABCE genes in N. colorata might support a similarly broadly active ancestral
ABCE model of floral organ determination in early angiosperms. Water lilies have
evolved attractive floral scents and colours, which are features shared with
mesangiosperms, and we identified their putative biosynthetic genes in N. colorata.
The chemical compounds and biosynthetic genes behind floral scents suggest that
they have evolved in parallel to those in mesangiosperms. Because of its unique
phylogenetic position, the N. colorata genome sheds light on the early evolution of
angiosperms.Supplementary Tables: This file contains Supplementary Tables 1-21.National Natural Science Foundation of China, the open funds of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (ZW201909) and State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, the Fujian provincial government in China, the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under European Research Council Advanced Grant Agreement and the Special Research Fund of Ghent University.http://www.nature.com/naturecommunicationsam2021BiochemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog
Cooperative MAC design in multi-hop wireless networks-Part II: When source and destination are two-hops away from each other
Ubiquitous and pervasive computing and networking are envisaged as part of the future 5G wireless communication landscape where devices which are multi-hops away from each other are connected in a cooperative way. In this paper, we investigate a challenging case in cooperative communications where source and destination are two-hops away from each other. From the perspective of MAC design, we propose a novel MAC protocol which enables two-hop cooperative communications by involving one or more one-hop neighbors of both source and destination as the relays for cooperative communication. To do so, a concept referred to as Multiple Relay Points (MRPs) has been introduced and the MRPs are selected by jointly considering the link quality of both hops. In addition to employing a static scheme which always uses a fixed number of relays for cooperative communication, we have also proposed an adaptive scheme which can optimally adjust the number of relays flexibly according to channel conditions. Through performance evaluation and comparison with the original IEEE 802.11 based scheme, we demonstrate that more reliable communications, reduced transmission power and significant throughput improvement can be achieved by using our two-hop cooperative MAC protocol, especially when operated in the adaptive mode. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
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